Loose-leaf binder.



. R. M. WATSON.

LOOSE LEAF BINDER.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 10, 1915.

1,167,454. Patented Jan. 11, 1916.

wwnesses n-srnuumunmmli;

RICHARD M. WATSON, OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN.

LOOSE-LEAF BINDER.

Application filed March 10, 1915. Serial No. 13,844.

T all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, RICHARD M. W'A'rsoN, a citiaen of the United States, residing at Detroit, county of Wayne, State of Michigan, ha re invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Loose-Leaf Binders, and

I declare the followingto he a full, clear, and exact description of the same,- such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it pertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanyin drawings, which form a part of this specification.

This invention relates to loose-leaf binders and has for its object a new and cheaper method for making the hook-carrying members to provide for their engagementwhen assembled in the shell.

The invention relates also to the new hook-carrying members themselves.

In the drawings,Figure' 1 is a bottom plan view. Fig. 2 is a cross section. 'Fig. 3 is an elevation of one of the hook-carrying members. Fig. 4 is a part of abottom plan view of a modified form. Fig. 5 is an elevation of the hook-carrying member of this modified form. 7

The type of loose-leaf binder herein illustrated is old, being shown in several of my previous patents. It has been customary to have the hook-carrying members inter-engage by using a tooth on one and a recess in the other. In order to secure thistooth and recess interengagement it has'been necessary to mill the tooth on one hook-carrying member and to mill a recess in the other hook-carrying member. lvlilling is a rather expensive operation for loose-leaf binder work considering the simplicity in the manufacture of these loose-leaf devices which are made and sold to the wholesaler at a few cents; Consequently any saving in the manufacture is important. By adopting the interengagement arrangement shown in the drawings, thismilling arrangement may be done away with. The simplest form of my invention is shown in Figs. 4 and 5.

The meeting portions or the V-portions a, a of the hoolccarrying members are each dented as at the one above and the other below. This is well shown in Fig. 2. denting is a swaging operation which may be performed simultaneously with the bending of the hook-carrying members 1nto the V-portions. The die to accomplish this bending may be provided with a PXOJGCUOD Specification of Letters Patent.

This

PatentedJ an. 11, 1916.

which does the swaging. When the modified form of F igs.- l and 5 is used, itis'neces sary to have the dent atthe opposite end of the hook-carrying'member on the underside as the dent on the other end is on the upper side. The dents on the other hook-carrying member are correspondingly reversed.- This insures a contact of each hook-carrying member with the other to secure a pushing movement of the other regardless of which hookcarrying member is operated and in which direction it is operate Figs. 1 and 3 show my preferred form in which two dents, one above and one below, are used in each V-portion of each hook-carrying member. This insures a pushing contact of each V-portion with its adjacent portion regardless of which hook-carrying member is operated and regardless-of which direction'it is turned. The dents are really only half dents compared with the :dents I) per side of the hook-carrying member and the other half being on the under side, but out of registry therewith. This form shown in Figs. 1 and 3 has the additional function of holding the two hook-carrying members from longitudinal relative movement.

What I claim is: 1. A method for making and. interengaging the hook-carrying members of looseleaf binders, comprising the denting of portions of the hookca.rrying members, the one hook carrying member being dented at one point on its upper side and the other hookcarrying member being dented oppositely of F igs. i and 5, one-half beipg on the upon its under side, and conversely, theone hook-carrying member being dented at another point on its under side and the other hook-carrying member being dented oppositely on its upper side, and the said two hook-carrying members being interengaged by placing the projecting portions formed by the dents so as to engage in the opposite. dents.

2. A method ofmanufacturing and interengaging wire hook-carrying members, comprising the forcing of V-like portions in the hook-carrying rods and simultaneously swag-ing in the V-portions, recesses, one on the upper side of one hook-carrying member and one on the under side of the other hook-carrying member, and conversely, one recess on the under side of the one hook-carrying member and one recess on the upper side of the other hook-carrying member and interengaging the projecting portions formed by the recesses with the opposite recesses.

3. In a loose-leaf binder, the combination of a pair of hook-carrying memberswhich have meeting portions, the meetingportions of one of which have a recess on the upper side and the meeting portions of the other of which have an opposite recess on the under side, and conversely, the meeting portions of one of which have another recess on the under side and the meeting portions of the other of which have an opposite re cess on the upper side, the projecting portions formed by the said recesses engaging in the opposite recesses, substantially as described.

4. In a loose-leaf hinder, the combination of a pair or hook-carrying rods having bent portions adapted to meet, the said bent portions of one hook-carrying rod having a recess in the upper side of the rod and the said bent portions on the other hook-carrying rod having an opposite recess in the under side of the rod, and conversely, the said bent portions of the one rod having a recess in the under side of the rod and the said 'bent portions of the other hook-carrying rod having an opposite recess in the upper side of the rod, the pro ecting portions formed by the said recesses engaging in the recesses of the opposite rod, substantially as described.

5. In a loose-leaf binder, the combination of a pair of hook-carrying members, one of which hasa recess provided with an abrupt shoulder at one end and a second recess below the same but out of registry therewith, having an abrupt shoulder at the end opposite to the end of" the first recess having the said abrupt shoulder, and the other hook-carrying member being provided with a pair of recesses which are similarly formed but conversely arranged so that one recess with an abrupt shoulder is provided to engage with one projecting portion formed b the said two recesses in the first hook-carrying member, and a second recess is formed with an abrupt shoulder to engage with the second projection formed by said two recesses of the first mentioned hook-carrying member, the abrupt shoulders of recesses and projections engaging together in opposed pairs to prevent longitudinal movement of the hook-carrying members.

In testimony whereof, I sign this specification in the presence of two witnesses.

RICHARD M. WATSON.

Witnesses:

VIRGINIA C. SPRATT, STUART C. BARNES. 

